| Question | Austria | Belgium (please note: Belgium has three linguistic communities (German-speaking Community (GSC), French-speaking Community (FSC), Dutch-speaking community (DSC)) | Bulgaria | Croatia | Cyprus | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | Federal State of Baden-Württemberg (Germany) (please note: every 16 federal states habe a own authority in Higher Education. There might be differences) | Finland | France | Greece | Hungary | Ireland | Italy | Latvia | Lituania | Luxembourg | Malta | Netherlands | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Slovakia | Slovenia | Spain | Sweden |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provision of DHE? (proposed answers: "yes" or "no") | yes | yes (in all three communities) | no | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes | no, but WIL und WBL |
| Since when? (proposed answer: "Year") | 2002 | GSC: 2005 FSC: 2016 DSC: 2013 | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | 1998 | 2008 | no information possible | 2009 | no information possible | 1995 | no information possible | 2012 | no information possible | 2014 | 1999 | no information possible | 2003 | 2015 | 1992 | 2018 | no information possible | 2023 | no information possible | no information possible | 2021 | no information possible |
| Types of institutions? (proposed answers: "drop down menu" with the possibilities) | university of applied sciences | GSC: University of applied sciences and other institutions (IAWM/ZAWM) FSC: Universty of applied sciences and academic university DSC: College and University of applied sciences | no information possible | university of applied sciences | no information possible | universities and art academies, vocational colleges | Business Academies, University Colleges and Maritime Education and Training Institutions | no information possible | universities of cooperative education | university of applied sciences | university of applied sciences, schools of Engineering, university | no information possible | university of applied sciences | universities, technological institutes | no information possible | university | university of applied sciences and universities | university and superior schools | colleges | university of applied sciences and universities | universities, university of applied sciences and specific practical-profile units within academic universities | vocational colleges | universities | no information possible | no information possible | universities | university, university colleges |
| Study areas (proposed answers: "drop down menu" with possible fields) | various fields such as engineering and technology, information technology and software development, natural sciences, business and mangement, social sciences and education | GSC: Medical and health sciences and social sciences FSC: Natural sciences, engineering and technology, medical and health sciences, social sciences DSC:Â Natural sciences, engineering and technology, medical and health sciences, social sciences and humanities | no information possible | social sciences, natural sciences, technical sciences, medical sciences, biomedical sciences | no information possible | various fields such as technical and technological fields, economic, agricultural, industrial, creative fields | various fields such as businesss, technology and engineering, health, martitime, desgn and mutlimedia, hospitality | no information possible | various fields such as engineering, economics and law, health, social sciences and agricultural | various fields such as healthcare, engineering, business, ICT, media, education, hospitality, and construction | various fields such as engineering, technology, business, social sciences, health and medical, law | no information possible | various fields such as technology, IT, agriculture, natural sciences, economics, health sciences, and social work | various fields such as engineering, business | various fields such as engineering and industrial sectors, business, technology and IT, health | various fields | various fields such as engineering and technology, IT, business, health | various fields such as engineering/technology, health, business, social sciences | various fields such as engineering, ICT, applied sciences, creative arts, business and community services | various fields such as engineering and technology, health, education, business, hospitality, agriculture | various fields such as health and medical, education and teaching, technic and engineering, architecture | no information possible | technical fields | no information possible | no information possible | various fields such as engineering, economics, education, ICT and social sciences | various fields such as teaching, health, technology and engineering |
| Learner has student status? (proposed anwers: "yes" or "no") | yes | yes (in all three communities) | no information possible | yes | yes | yes | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | no information possible | yes | yes |
| Learner has employee or apprentice status? (proposed answers: "employee" or "apprentice") | employee status (from the third semester onwards) (exception "internship contract") | trainee or apprentice status (in all three communities) | no information possible | student status | no information possible | depends on the terms outlined in the contract | trainee or intern status | no information possible | employee status | student status | apprentice status | no information possible | employee status | employee status | employee status | not explicitly stated; typically, students may work as interns or trainees in companies. | depends on the terms outlined in the contract (mainly trainee or intern; other possibilities: employees) | apprenticeship or intern status | trainee or apprentice status | depends on the terms outlined in the contract (mainly trainee or intern; in formal programmes for dual higher eductation: the student has to be employee) | trainee or intern status | no information possible | trainee or intern status or employee status | trainee or intern status | no information possible | employee status | student status |
| Employment contract in place? (proposed answers: "yes" or "no") | yes (exception "internship contract") | No (but training or apprenticeship contract in all three communities) | no information possible | no | no information possible | depends on the terms outlined in the contract | for the unpaid internship there is no employment contract for the paid internship a formal internship agreement must be signed | no information possible | yes | no | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | yes | not explicitly stated; often depends on program specifics and company agreements. | depends on the terms outlined in the contract | no (but apprenticeship or internship contract) | yes | depends on the terms outlined in the contract | no | no information possible | yes | no (but internship contract possible) | no information possible | yes | no |
| Contract with HEI in place? (proposed answers: "yes" or "no") | yes | no information possible (in all three communities) | no information possible | yes | depends on the course | no information possible | for the paid internship formal internship agreement must be signed with the student, the company and the HEI | no information possible | no | yes | yes | no information possible | no | no information possible | no information possible | depends on the course | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no information possible | yes | yes (for the internship) | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible |
| Remuneration for learner? (proposed anwers: "yes" or "no") | yes | yes (in all three communities) | no information possible | no | yes | depends on the terms outlined in the contract | possible (no legal obligation for employers) | no information possible | yes | possible | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | yes | not explicitly stated; it may depend on the company and program specifics. | depends on the terms outlined in the contract | yes | yes | depends on the terms outlined in the contract; in formal programmes for dual higher education: yes | possible (no legal obligation for employers) | no information possible | financial support or compensation for students possible | possible (no legal obligation for employers) | no information possible | yes | possible (no legal obligation for employers) |
| Selection of Student by? (proposed answers: "drop down menu" with the answers "company", "university" or "both") | both | both | no information possible | university of applied sciences (UNIAS) | both | both because responsibility for the program’s organization | reasonable inference: both because responsibility for the program’s organization | no information possible | company | university of applied sciences | both, separately or jointly | no information possible | both | company | both because responsibility for the program’s organization | no information possible | both | both | both, but mainly education institution | at WBL and WIL: educational institution at Dual: both, but company plays a major role | both because responsibility for the program’s organization | no information possible | both because responsibility for the program’s organization | company | no information possible | both because responsibility for the program’s organization | both |
| Provision of VET? (proposed anwers: "yes" or "no") | yes | yes (in all three communities) | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Typical learning environment? (proposed answers: "drop down menu" with the answers "Academia", "Workplace" and/or "Lab") | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (yes) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) (in all three communities) | no information possible | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no) | no information possible | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (yes) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (yes) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (yes) | no information possible | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | no information possible | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Vocational training colleges (yes) /Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (yes) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (possible) | no information possible | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) | Academia (yes)/Workplace (yes)/Lab (no information possible) |
| Duration of HEI learning per year? (Proposed answer: "Number of weeks") | 15 weeks | no information possible | no information possible | 15 weeks | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | 12 weeks | 15-20 weeks (based on 30 ECTS) | 12 weeks | no information possible | 13 weeks | no information possible | no information possible | 15 | 20 weeks | no information possible | 15-20 weeks (based on ECTS) and one day per week | depending on educational institution and programme (usually 1-2 days per week) | 12 weeks | Secondary level: Aprendizagem: 1,500-1,800 hours Aprendizagem +: 825 hours-1,025 hours | at least 12 weeks | min. 12 weeks | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible |
| Duration of WoW learning per year? (Proposed answer: "Number of weeks") | 22 weeks (p.a.) | no information possible | no information possible | depending on educational institution and programme | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | 12 weeks | 15-20 weeks (based on 30 ECTS) | 12 weeks (with a 6-month period at the end of final year) | no information possible | 8 or 16 weeks (depending on the semester) | no information possible | no information possible | not specified clearly in sources | about 6 weeks (varies depending on the university and the specific study program) | no information possible | depending on educational institution and programme | depending on educational institution and programme (usually 3-4 days per week) | 4 weeks | Secondary level: Aprendizagem: 1,100-1,500 hours Aprendizagem +: 500-850 hours | no information possible | min. 12 weeks | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible |
| Distribution of practical and academic learning? (proposed answers: "drop down menu" with the possibilities) | Semester 1 full time at university Semester 2 full time at university then rhythm Semester 3-6 3 month university/ 3 month company | GSC: the academic learning period last 2/3 days per week then alternating with days in the workplace FSC: the period of practical represent a minimum of 40% of the program and the academic period account for 40%. The remaining 20% is left to the choice of the DHE institution. DSC: the period of practical is 20h per week while the remaining time is spent at the academic place | no information possible | depending on educational institution and programme | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | alternating every 3 months | The periods of practical and academic learning are not strictly alternating (like every 3 or 6 months), but rather, they follow a more integrated or parallel model. | alternating every 3 months for most of the program, with a 6-month continuous practical period at the company in the final year | no information possible | 13 weeks academic, 8 weeks workplace, 13 weeks academic, 16 weeks workplace | no information possible | no information possible | not explicitly stated; typical models include alternating phases or integrated through the semester | weekly Alternating Model or Block Model (a few months) | no information possible | depending on educational institution and programme | depending on educational institution and programme | Semester 1 full time at university, Semester 2 students starts period of practical on March. After first year of study alternating every 2 months | no information possible | no information possible | one semester druing their bachelor's studies | no information possible | structured alternation between academic and workplace learning | depending on educational institution and programme |
| Availability of mentoring at WoW? (proposed answers: "yes" or "no") | yes | yes (in all three communities) | no information possible | yes | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | yes | yes | expected to provide mentors | yes | no information possible | yes | no information possible | yes | not clearly stated but this is common practice in dual education | expected to provide mentors | no information possible | expected to provide mentors | expected to provide mentors. iIn formal programmes for dual higher education it is obligatory. | yes | yes | yes | no information possible | no information possible | yes | possible (no legal obligation for employers) |
| Availability of mentoring at HEI? (proposed answers: "yes" or "no") | yes | GSC: yes FSC: no DSC: yes | no information possible | yes | yes | no information possible | no information possible | no information possible | yes | no | yes | no information possible | yes | no information possible | no information possible | yes | yes | depends on education institution | yes | yes | yes | no information possible | yes | depends on education institution | no information possible | yes | yes |
| Assessment of learning outcomes in WoW environment? (proposed answers: "drop down menu" with the answers "company", "university" or "both") | both | both | no information possible | education institution | no information possible | both because of the common responsibility | both because of the common responsibility | both | both | both, but mainly education institution | both | no information possible | both | both because of the common responsibility | both because of the common responsibility | not specified clearly in sources | both because of the common responsibility | both, but mainly education institution | both | both, but final responsibility and decision is at the education institution | both | no information possible | no information possible | both | no information possible | both | both, but mainly education institution |
| Parallel delivery of Dual and traditional Study programmes? (proposed answers: "yes" or "no") | yes (in some institutions) | yes (in all three communities) | no information possible | no | no information possible | yes | yes | possible | no | no | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no information possible | yes (depending on the field) | yes |
| Equal total duration of Dual and traditional Study courses? (proposed answers: "yes" or "no") | yes | yes (in all three communities) | no information possible | yes | no information possible | yes | yes | no information possible | no | no information possible | yes | no information possible | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | dual studies might take longer because of additional hours of work-based learning (WBL) | yes | yes | no information possible | no information possible | yes | no information possible | dual studies might be shorter | yes |
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This website reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
